Status of transformation geometry learning among Junior High School learners in Tano South Municipality

Abstract

This research explored the difficulties Junior High School (JHS) learners face in learning transformation geometry, specifically rotation, within the Tano South Municipality of Ghana. An concurrent embedded mixed-methods design was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative methods. A total of 293 Basic 9 learners participated, with 57% being male and 43% female, selected using simple random sampling for the quantitative aspect and purposive sampling for the qualitative data collection. The instrument of data collection was a 15-item written test aligned with van Hiele’s geometric thinking levels, while semi-structured interviews with 8 learners provided deeper insights into learning barriers. The test assessed three van Hiele levels: Visualization (basic recognition), Analysis (informal reasoning), and Abstraction (logical deduction). Results revealed critical underachievement by learners as 91.2% scored below average with no learner achieving above-average marks. Learners stagnated at van Hiele Level 1 (73.3%), demonstrating recognition of rotated figures but inability to analyze properties. Only 5.8% reached Level 2, and none attained Level 3. No gender disparity existed, indicating systemic challenges. Qualitative findings identified key barriers such as confusion between rotation, reflection, and translation poor spatial visualisation and anxiety-driven guesswork. The study attributes these issues to rote-learning pedagogies, limited access to manipulatives, and curricular misalignment with van Hiele’s developmental stages. Recommendations include teacher training in hands-on, phased instruction with integration of low-cost tools such as grid paper, dynamic apps, curriculum reforms emphasising conceptual mastery; and equitable resource allocation for technology. The findings underscore the urgency of addressing foundational gaps to enhance geometric proficiency and STEM readiness in Tano South Municipality.