Challenges of teaching and learning biology in selected Senior High Schools in the Eastern Region, Ghana

Abstract

This study examined the challenges associated with teaching and learning biology across selected schools in the Eastern Region, Ghana. Data were obtained from 26 biology teachers and 450 students across the schools. The questionnaire served as the primary tool, but an interview guide and checklist for observations were also used. With guidance from the research supervisor, the content validity of the primary instrument was established. The 90 public senior high schools in the Eastern Region made up the target population. Using stratified random sampling methods, 16 senior high schools from the assessible population were selected for the study. These schools are in six districts namely New Juaben North, New Juaben South, Upper Manya Krobo, Lower Manya Krobo, Akwapim North and Akwapim South Districts. Thematic analysis was employed for qualitative data while SPSS was used for quantitative data analysis. Findings from the study reveal some key challenges. The thematic analysis revealed challenges with the availability of resources, the emphasis on theoretical instruction, engagement and interest of students in subject and teacher related issues. Suggestions for addressing these challenges included the provision of resources, orientation with regards to instructional methods, teacher motivation among others. This paper represents an insightful reference for stakeholders with regards to the nature of the challenges biology education in senior high schools encounters and how these can be remedied.