Investigating the impact of deforestation on the land ecosystem in Assin Fosu municipality

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of deforestation on the land ecosystem in Assin Fosu Municipality, Central Region of Ghana. The research examined the causes and spatial patterns of forest loss, stakeholder perceptions and practices, and the role of Social Studies education and local governance in promoting sustainable land management. A qualitative case study design was employed, involving twenty-nine participants including Social Studies teachers, students, farmers, municipal officers, and community leaders. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and observations, and analysed thematically using Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory as the guiding framework. The findings revealed that deforestation is driven primarily by livelihood pressures, particularly farming expansion, charcoal production, and illicit logging, concentrated at forest margins, riverbanks, and transport corridors. These activities have resulted in soil erosion, declining water availability, reduced crop yields, and biodiversity loss. While stakeholders demonstrated awareness of environmental harm, economic constraints and weakened customary protections limited conservation action. Social Studies education showed potential for fostering environmental stewardship, but curriculum priorities, resource limitations, and weak practical engagement restricted its effectiveness. Local governance frameworks exist but suffer from inadequate enforcement capacity and logistical support. The study recommends curriculum reforms emphasizing practical, assessed environmental activities, livelihood support for vulnerable households, strengthened extension services, and coordinated enforcement mechanisms to protect the land ecosystem and support community wellbeing.