Abstract:
This study examines the influence of intellectual capital on supply chain performance
in Ghana’s pharmaceutical industry, with a focus on the mediating role of supply
chain resilience and the moderating role of top management support. Grounded in the
Knowledge-Based View, Dynamic Capability Theory, and Upper Echelon Theory, the
research explains how knowledge resources, adaptive capabilities, and managerial
commitment interact to improve performance. A quantitative approach, explanatory
design guided by post-positivist philosophy was employed, with data collected
through structured questionnaires from 275 pharmaceutical firms registered with the
Food and Drugs Authority. A total of 215 valid responses were analysed using
Structural Equation Modelling in SmartPLS. The results indicate that intellectual
capital has a significant impact on both supply chain resilience and performance.
Supply chain resilience also positively affects performance and mediates the
relationship between intellectual capital and performance, suggesting that resilience
converts knowledge resources into operational benefits. Additionally, the study
reveals that top management support amplifies the impact of resilience on
performance, underscoring the strategic role of leadership in developing robust supply
chains. The study contributes to theory by integrating knowledge-based, dynamic, and
behavioural perspectives and offers practical insights for pharmaceutical firms to
develop intellectual capital, enhance resilience, and foster strong managerial support
to sustain competitiveness in volatile environments.
