Investigations into the properties of sandcrete blocks manufactured with pulverized palm kernel shells as a partial replacement for sand

Abstract

The use of palm kernel shells as aggregate material is attracting research interest. Increasing demand for sandcrete blocks makes it vital to consider the potential of sandcrete blocks manufactured with pulverized palm kernel shells. This study aimed at investigating the properties of sandcrete blocks manufactured with pulverized palm kernel shells as a partial replacement for sand. Materials used for the study were pulverized palm kernel shells, pit sand, ordinary portland cement and tap water. Experiments were conducted on specimens of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 20% and 30% pulverized palm kernel shells content. Mixing of the materials was done mechanically and moulding of specimens was also done mechanically. Seventy-two (72) specimens were produced for the experiment. The specimens were cured under wet jute sacks for 28 days. The density of the specimens was determined using ASTM C138/C138M as a guide. Water absorption and compressive strength of the specimens were also determined following ASTM C140. Data collected were analysed using Sigma Plot and Microsoft Excel Software. The results were presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study recorded an increase in water absorption but a decrease in density and compressive strength of pulverized palm kernel shells specimens compared to the control specimen. One-way ANOVA test results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the control group and the construct at p ≤ 0.001 and p ≤ 0.039 respectively. The density of specimens of 2% up to 4% of pulverized palm kernel shell content found in the study places the specimens as lightweight masonry units according to ASTM C 129. The compressive strength for specimens of 2% up to 20% obtained in this study is good for non-load bearing walls application.