Barriers to female higher education in selected communities in the Ketu-South Municipality

Abstract

Despite efforts by researchers and institutions to promote women's empowerment, the gender gap persists in higher education institutions. This study, therefore, sought to examine the barriers to female higher education in Kopeyia, Hatsukope, and Tokor communities in Ketu South Municipality. The study examined perceptions about female higher education, sociocultural and economic factors that impede female higher education, as well as the support systems available to them. Using a convergent parallel design, the study gathered quantitative data from 355 female SHS graduates that were selected using a disproportionate stratified sampling technique and qualitative data from 10 participants, including 7 parents and 3 chiefs of female SHS graduates who were purposively selected. Quantitative data was gathered using a questionnaire, and qualitative data was gathered using a semi-structured interview guide. Quantitative results were analyzed using frequency, percentages, and means, whereas qualitative results were analyzed thematically. The study found that female SHS graduates in the chosen communities’ value higher education, but this desire is hindered by various socio-cultural and economic factors. Poor academic performance was identified as the major barrier to female higher education; however, participants disagreed that factors such as gender norms, early marriage, pregnancy-related issues, traditional rites, and religious beliefs formed barriers to female higher education. All economic barriers to female higher education were supported. Also, it was seen that females receive little attention in terms of support systems for higher education. Hence, all traditional rulers and NGOs should collaborate to strengthen support systems to increase female higher educational enrollment.