Minimising the risk of floods through resilient design and construction - a case study of Tamale metropolis

Abstract

This study examined how to minimize the risk of floods through resilient design and construction with Tamale Metropolis as a case study. Perennial floods constitute a major challenge to humanity due to the socioeconomic implication for individuals and government. The outcome of floods results in destruction of facilities ranging from buildings to civil infrastructure. It is in this light that designers have a major role to play through resilient designs that can withstand the effects of floods. The study employed a quantitative approach with questionnaires administered to design consultants in the Tamale Metropolis. The survey findings suggest the major causes of floods to include; lack of adequate provisions in the design of facilities to counter the effects of floods, lack of sufficient vegetative cover to wither the metropolis, lack of regard for the topology (ordinance bench mark) of residential lands, lack of adherence to zoning laws with the results that houses are built on water ways. The study findings on key design features that could offer sufficient resilience to the effects of floods include; adequate landscaping in and around properties, enforcement of building codes bordering on design of facilities and enforcement of same by municipal engineers, ensuring that designs take into consideration the spots of developmental lands above sea level (Temporary Bench Marks and correctly transferring datum marks during construction) and incorporating design features to accommodate flood waters (quality materials, adequately designed storm water drainage, effective maintenance of facilities designed to encounter the effects of floods.